TANYA: Beberapa negara di Eropa melarang cadar. Bagaimana sebenarnya hukum memakai cadar bagi wanita Islam. Apakah wajib, sunah, atau bahkan bid’ah? Terima kasih.
JAWAB: Memakai cadar (burqa/niqab) bagi wanita hukumnya tidak wajib, juga tidak sunah, juga tidak bid’ah, pun demikian tidak haram.
Kami belum menemukan dalil Al-Quran ataupun Al-Hadits yang mewajibkan atau menyunahkan wanita Muslimah menggunakan cadar alias penutup wajah, karena memang wajah --dan telapak tangan-- tidak termasuk aurat wanita.
Diriwayatkan dari ‘Aisyah radhiallahu‘anha, beliau berkata,
أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ دَخَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَعَلَيْهَا ثِيَابٌ رِقَاقٌ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ يَا أَسْمَاءُ إِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْمَحِيضَ لَمْ تَصْلُحْ أَنْ يُرَى مِنْهَا إِلَّا هَذَا وَهَذَا وَأَشَارَ إِلَى وَجْهِهِ وَكَفَّيْهِ
Asma’ binti Abu Bakar pernah menemui Rasulullah Saw dengan memakai pakaian yang tipis. Maka Rasulullah Saw pun berpaling darinya dan bersabda,:“Wahai Asma’, sesungguhnya seorang wanita itu jika sudah haidh (sudah baligh), tidak boleh terlihat dari dirinya kecuali ini dan ini”, beliau menunjuk wajahnya dan kedua telapak tangannya. (HR. Abu Daud).
Asy Syarbini berkata, “Aurat wanita merdeka adalah seluruh tubuh kecuali wajah dan telapak tangan. Termasuk telapak tangan adalah bagian punggung dan dalam telapak tangan, dari ujung jari hingga pergelangan tangan.
Dalilnya adalah firman Allah SWT:
وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا
“Dan janganlah mereka menampakkan perhiasannya, kecuali yang (biasa) nampak dari padanya” (QS. An Nur: 31). Yang boleh ditampakkan adalah wajah dan kedua telapak tangan, inilah tafsiran dari Ibnu ‘Abbas dan ‘Aisyah.” (Mughnil Muhtaj, 1: 286).
Namun, jumhur ulama sepakat, mengenakan cadar tidak dilarang, bahkan keutamaan, khususnya wanita yang berwajah sangat cantik dan dikhawatirkan dapat mengundang fitnah orang yang melihatnya.
- Pendapat madzhab Hanafi, wajah wanita bukanlah aurat, namun memakai cadar hukumnya sunnah (dianjurkan) dan menjadi wajib jika dikhawatirkan menimbulkan fitnah.
- Mazhab Maliki berpendapat bahwa wajah wanita bukanlah aurat, namun memakai cadar hukumnya sunnah (dianjurkan) dan menjadi wajib jika dikhawatirkan menimbulkan fitnah. Bahkan sebagian ulama Maliki berpendapat seluruh tubuh wanita adalah aurat.
- Pendapat madzhab Syafi’i, aurat wanita di depan lelaki ajnabi (bukan mahram) adalah seluruh tubuh. Sehingga mereka mewajibkan wanita memakai cadar di hadapan lelaki ajnabi. Inilah pendapat mu’tamad madzhab Syafi’i.
- Imam Ahmad bin Hambal berkata: “Setiap bagian tubuh wanita adalah aurat, termasuk pula kukunya” (Dinukil dalam Zaadul Masiir, 6/31). (Sumber)
Sebagian istri Rasulullah Saw dan sebagian wanita sahabat juga pernah mengenakannya sehingga cadar dinilai keutamaan dalam berbusana Muslimah.
Wanita wajib menutup aurat, yakni seluruh tubuh, kecuali wajah dan kedua telapak tangan. Jumhur ulama bersepakat, wajah dan telapak tangan bukan aurat, jadi boleh tidak ditutup. Allah Swt memerintahkan para wanita menutupi seluruh tubuhnya yang merupakan perhiasannya, kecuali yang biasa ditampakkan dengan mengenakan jilbab hingga ke dada:
“Dan janganlah mereka menampakkan perhiasannya, kecuali yang (biasa) nampak dari padanya. Dan hendaklah mereka menutupkan kain kudung kedadanya.’ (QS. An Nuur:31).
“Hendaklah mereka mengulurkan jilbabnya ke seluruh tubuh mereka” (QS. Al Ahzab:59).
Demikian Hukum Memakai Cadar dalam Islam. Wallahu a'lam bish-shawabi.*
HALAMAN SELANJUTNYA:
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