JAWAB: Gunakan jasa kredit syariah atau jasa perbankan syariah. Itu solusinya. Pada prinsipnya, jual beli dengan kredit itu boleh, namun tergantung akadnya.
Jika menggunakan transaksi yang dibenarkan oleh syariat Islam, maka itu bukan termasuk riba.
Kredit syariah mempunyai cara yang sangat sangat berbeda dengan kredit konvesional. Prinsipnya kredit syariah menjunjung tinggi nilai keadilan dan kemanusiaan serta bebas dari riba.
Seperti dilansir Republika Online, pada bank konvensional, kredit yang digunakan berdasarkan akad pinjaman. Nasabah memiliki kewajiban untuk mengembalikan dana pinjaman tersebut beserta bunganya.
Secara syariah, kelebihan atas pinjaman ini termasuk ke dalam kategori riba, dimana Allah SWT secara tegas telah mengharamkannya (QS 2 : 275-281).
Dalam praktik perbankan syariah atau kredit syariah, biasanya yang digunakan adalah
- Akad murabahah (jual beli)
- Ijarah wa iqtina (sewa yang diakhiri oleh perubahan kepemilikan dari pemilik barang kepada penyewa)
- Musyarakah mutanaqishah.
Pada murabahah, bank bertindak sebagai penjual barang, sedangkan nasabah adalah pembelinya. Bank dan nasabah kemudian bersepakat untuk menentukan berapa besar marjin keuntungan yang dapat dinikmati oleh bank sebagai penjual. Katakan, “x persen”.
Maka kewajiban nasabah adalah membayar kepada bank, biaya pokok pembelian plus marjin keuntungannya. Misal harga rumah Rp 1 milyar, dan marjin keuntungannya 10 persen. Maka kewajiban nasabah adalah Rp 1,1 milyar. Secara matematis mirip dengan bunga bank, tetapi secara akad berbeda sangat signifikan.
Ijarah adalah akad sewa. Nasabah diharuskan membayar biaya sewa secara berkala kepada bank syariah dalam kurun waktu tertentu sebagai reward karena telah menggunakan barang tertentu (misal rumah atau mobil).
Dalam skema ijarah wa iqtina, bank kemudian menyerahkan kepemilikan barang tersebut kepada nasabah setelah berakhir masa sewanya.
Pada skema musyarakah mutanaqishah, bank dan nasabah sama-sama berkontribusi modal dalam pembelian barang (misal rumah). Katakan, proporsi modal bank 80 persen dan nasabah 20 persen. Dengan pola ini, maka rumah tersebut menjadi milik bersama.
Kemudian nasabah diberikan hak untuk membeli proporsi kepemilikan bank secara bertahap dalam kurun waktu tertentu, sehingga prosentase kepemilikan nasabah terhadap rumah tersebut menjadi 100 persen. Wallahu a’lam bish-shawabi.*
HALAMAN SELANJUTNYA:
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