Hukum Adzan Jumat Dua Kali

Hukum Adzan Jumat Dua Kali
 
TANYA: Banyak masjid di Indonesia adzan dua kali untuk panggilan shalat Jumat. Bagaimana hukumnya? Apakah sesuai dengan sunah Rosul? Adakah yang namanya shalat Qobliyah Jumat?

JAWAB: Adzan adalah penanda atau pengingat bahwa waktu shalat sudah tiba sekaligus menyeru/mengajak kaum Muslim segera menunaikan shalat.

Kami belum menemukan riwayat yang menunjukkan bahwa pada zaman Nabi Saw adzan Jumat dilakukan dua kali. Pada zaman Rasulullah SAW, adzan Jumat hanya dilakukan sekali, yaitu saat khatib sudah naik mimbar atau sebelum khotib menyampaikan khotbah Jumat.

Rujukan adzan dua kali yaitu pada zaman Khalifah Utsman bin Affan. Lalu pada zaman khilafah rasyidah, karena pertimbangan tertentu, adzan pertama dilakukan agar umat Islam melakukan persiapan dan segera masuk masjid --sebelum khatib naik mimbar, dan satu kali lagi saat khatib sudah di mimbar.

Dari As-Saib bin Yazid ra berkata, "Dahulu panggilan adzan hari Jumat awalnya pada saat imam duduk di atas mimbar, (yaitu) masa Rasulullah SAW, Abu Bakar r.a. dan Umar r.a. Ketika masuk masa Utsman dan manusia bertambah banyak, ditambahkan adzan yang ketiga di atas Zaura. Tidak ada di zaman nabi SAW muazzdin selain satu orang. (HR Bukhari).

Zaura adalah sebuah tempat di pasar kota Madinah saat itu. Al-Qurthubi mengatakan, Utsman memerinahkan untuk dikumandangkan adzan di suatu rumah yang disebut Zaura. Saat itu khalifah memandang perlu pemanggilan kepada kaum Muslimin sesaat sebelum shalat atau khutbah Jumat dilaksanakan.

Menurut para ulama yang mendukung tetap dilaksanakannya dua kali adzan tidak bisa disalahkan dari segi hukum. Karena apa yang dilakukan oleh para shahabat nabi secara formal itu tetap masih berada dalam koridor syariah.

Akan tetapi perlu diingat, adzan yang diadakan oleh Utsman bin Affan tersebut dilakukan di Zaura, yaitu sebuah rumah di pasar dan letak rumah berjauhan dengan masjid.

Kesimpulannya, adzan Jumat boleh sekali atau dua kali. Tidak ada larangan adzan dua kali, sebagaimana tidak ada pula perintahnya.

Namun, Imam Syafi'i menyukai adzan sekali saja. "Dan aku menyukai satu adzan dari seorang muadzin ketika (khatib) di atas mimbar, bukan banyak muadzin,” katanya, lalu ia menyebutkan dari As-Saib bin Yazid, bahwa pada mulanya adzan pada hari Jum’at dilaksanakan ketika seorang imam duduk di atas mimbar. (Ini terjadi) pada masa Rasulullah Saw, Abu Bakar, dan Umar. (Ketika masa) pemerintahan Utsman dan kaum muslimin menjadi banyak, Utsman memerintahkan adzan yang kedua, maka dikumandangkanlah adzan tersebut dan menjadi tetaplah perkara tersebut.” (Al Um 1/224).

Yang jadi masalah, biasanya, di masjid yang adzan dua kali, setelah adzan pertama banyak jamaah yang berdiri untuk shalat dua rakaat, entah shalat apa, karena kami belum menemukan satu dalil pun yang menunjukkan adanya shalat sunnah "qabliyah Jum’at". (Al Qaulul Mubin Fi Akhthail Mushalin/Majalah As-Sunnah). Wallahu a’lam bish-shawabi.*

HALAMAN SELANJUTNYA:

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