JAWAB: Dalam masalah bacaan makmum di belakang imam, para ulama berbeda pendapat.
- Ada yang mengatakan, semua bacaan imam merupakan bacaan makmum juga, sehingga makmum tidak perlu membaca apa-apa.
- Ada juga yang mengharuskan makmum membaca Al-Fatihah saja, sedangkan bacaan ayat Al-Quran yang lain (setelah Fatihah) tidak tidak perlu dibaca, cukup dengan mendengarkan bacaan imam.
Madzhab Maliki dan Hambali berpendapat, makmum harus membaca bacaan shalat di belakang imam pada shalat yang sirr (suara imam tidak dikeraskan), yaitu shalat Dzuhur dan Ashar, sedangkan pada shalat jahriyah (bacaan imam dikeraskan --Maghrib, Isya, Shubuh, Jumat, Id), makmum tidak harus membacanya. Namun, bila pada shalat jahriyah itu makmum tidak dapat mendengar suara bacaan imam, maka makmum wajib membaca bacaan shalat.
Dari Malik dari Abi Hurairah r.a., Rasulullah Saw selesai shalat yang beliau mengeraskan bacaannya. Lalu beliau bertanya, "Adakah di antara kamu yang ikut membaca juga tadi?". Seorang menjawab, "Ya, saya, ya Rasulullah". Beliau menjawab, "Aku berkata, mengapa aku harus melawan Al-Quran?" Maka orang-orang berhenti dari membaca bacaan shalat bila Rasulullah Saw mengeraskan bacaan shalatnya (shalat jahriyah)." (HR. Tirmizi).
Madzhab Hanafi: makmum tidak perlu membaca apa-apa bila shalat di belakang imam, baik pada shalat jahriyah maupun shalat sirriyah, berdasarkan hadits: "Siapa shalat di belakang imam, maka bacaannya adalah bacaan imam.” (HR. Ad-Daruquthuny dan Ibnu Abi Syaibah).
Madzhab Syafi’i: pada shalat sirriyah, makmum membaca semua bacaan shalat, sedangkan pada shalat jahriyah, makmum membaca Al-Fatihah saja, berdasarkan hadits: “Tidak ada shalat kecuali dengan membaca Al-Fatihah” (HR. Ibnu Hibban dan Al-Hakim). “Dan apabila imam membaca al-Qur'an, maka diamlah.” (HR. Muslim).Dari ‘Ubadah bin Shamit r.a., Rasulullah Saw shalat mengimami kami siang hari, maka bacaannya terasa berat baginya. Ketika selesai beliau berkata, "Aku melihat kalian membaca di belakang imam". Kami menjawab,"Ya ". Beliau berkata, "Jangan baca apa-apa kecuali Al-Fatihah saja". (Ibnu Abdil berkata bahwa hadits itu riwayat Makhul dan lainnya dengan isnad yang tersambung shahih).
Pilihan "jalan tengahnya" adalah: pada shalat berjama'ah, ketika imam membaca Al-Fatihah, secara sirr (pelan) –shalat Dzuhur, 'Ashr, 1 raka'at terakhir Mahgrib, dan 2 raka'at terakhir Isya, maka para makmum hendaknya membaca surat Al-Fatihah secara sirr.
Tentang baca surat selain Al-Fatihah, dalam shalat Dzuhur dan Ashar makmum boleh membaca surat atau tidak, karena hukumnya sunah. Dalam shalat Magrib, Isya, dan Subuh, setelah Al-Fatihah makmun mendengarkan saja bacaan imam dan mengikutinya dalam hati jika hafal. Wallahu a’lam bish-shawab.*
Rujukan:
1. Fiqhus Sunnah, Abdul Raziq
2. Shahih Bukhari dan Shahih Muslim
3. Pedoman Sholat, Hasbi Ashiqqiqy
HALAMAN SELANJUTNYA:
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